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This uncertainty is also the case regarding the details by which the gastritis accomplishes the appearances of peptic ulcers or gastric cancer. We cannot precisely predict either in whom the chronic gastritis will certainly progress to atrophic end stages and to killing sequelae, or in whom it will not. pylori on the course of chronic gastritis, are largely unknown. The molecular mechanisms and the role of environmental factors, like diet, and the role of other microbes than H. We do not know, for example, the significance of autoimmunity or genetics in the development and progression of chronic H. Įven though the main outlines of chronic gastritis are well known, several unanswered questions occur still. pylori, resulting in normalization of the gastric mucosa, at least in cases in which the gastritis is not developed to atrophic (atrophic gastritis) end stages. Consequently, it has become evident that chronic gastritis can be cured with eradication of H. It has become clear that the bacterium is the cause of gastritis in an overwhelming majority of the cases, a possible exception being a gastritis of the autoimmune origin. The morphological appearances of gastritis published are very similar worldwide, i.e., chronic gastritis is seemingly, with its sequelae, one and same disorder throughout the world.Ĭhronic gastritis has been known and studied since the early decades of the 20th century but received more attention not until 1982 after discovery of the Helicobacter pylori by Warren and Marshall.
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They are forms and phenotypes of gastritis which represent different stages of a same life-long disease. One may estimate that millions of premature deaths may occur annually worldwide due to cancer and ulcer as sequelae of the chronic gastritis.Ĭhronic gastritis appears either as nonatrophic or atrophic form.
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The significance of chronic gastritis as a serious disease is largely underrated in clinical practice, even though the role of gastritis in the pathogenesis of ordinary peptic ulcers and gastric cancers is obvious. One may estimate that more than half of the world population have this disease in some degree and extent, indicating that even many hundreds of millions of people worldwide may have chronic gastritis in a form or other. In addition to the risks of malignancy and peptic ulcer, acid-free stomach and severe forms of atrophic gastritis may associate with failures in absorption of essential vitamins, like vitamin B12, micronutrients (like iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc), diet and medicines.Ĭhronic gastritis is one of the most common life-long, serious and insidious illnesses in human beings. Severe atrophic gastritis and acid-free stomach are the highest independent risk conditions for gastric cancer known so far. Atrophic gastritis will finally end up in a permanently acid-free stomach in the most extreme cases. The progressive worsening of atrophic gastritis results subsequently in dysfunctions of stomach mucosa. A life-long and aggressive inflammation in gastritis results in destruction (atrophic gastritis) of stomach mucosa with time (years and decades). Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood is the main cause of chronic gastritis, which microbial origin is the key for the understanding of the bizarre epidemiology and course of the disease. Globally, on average, even more than half of people may have a chronic gastritis at present.
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However, chronic gastritis is still one of the most common serious pandemic infections with such severe killing sequelae as peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Prevalence of chronic gastritis has markedly declined in developed populations during the past decades.